Abstract
BACKGROUND
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications, including dermatological manifestations. Skin disorders are common among patients with diabetes and are often linked to poor glycemic control and inadequate self-care practices. Self-efficacy is a key determinant of effective diabetes self-management and may influence the occurrence and severity of dermatological conditions.
AIM
This study aimed to examine the association between dermatological manifestations, skin care practices, and self-efficacy among adults with T2DM in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients (30-70 years) with T2DM in Saudi Arabia using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected through an online structured self-administered questionnaire distributed via digital platforms. The questionnaire included three components: (1) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including glycemic indicators; (2) skin care practices; and (3) self-efficacy in diabetes self-management assessed using a 7-item scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests to assess associations between variables.
RESULTS
Participants demonstrated suboptimal glycemic control, with a considerable proportion reporting HbA1c levels between 7.6-8.5% and ≥9.6%. The median (IQR) fasting blood glucose was 111.0 (99.0-125.0) mg/dL, and random blood glucose was 191.0 (163.0-212.0) mg/dL. Self-efficacy levels were significantly associated with most sociodemographic characteristics ( p p p = 0.040), while no significant association was identified with vascular impairment ( p = 0.249).
CONCLUSION
Self-efficacy is significantly associated with dermatological manifestations among patients with T2DM. Strengthening patient education and behavioral interventions targeting glycemic control and skin care practices may enhance self-efficacy and reduce diabetes-related skin complications.