Optimization of cognitive and psychosocial growth and development is an important component of good health and should be a goal of health care. In this article, we have tried to provide a framework for primary care clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) to use when trying to help individual patients achieve their full human potential. The focus of this article is on emotional, social, and moral development. We have relied heavily on Eriksons' stages of psychosocial development., the self-determination theory of Deci and Ryan, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development and have arranged the information and suggestions in a way that should make it possible to create prompts and reminders for use during routine encounters.